Version 6 pre-stable

This version of Silverstripe CMS has not yet been given a stable release. See the release roadmap for more information. Go to documentation for the most recent stable version.

Scaffolding

The ORM already has a lot of information about the data represented by a DataObject through its $db property, so Silverstripe CMS will use that information to scaffold some interfaces. This is done though FormScaffolder to provide reasonable defaults based on the property type (e.g. a checkbox field for booleans). You can then further customise those fields as required.

Form fields

An example is DataObject, Silverstripe CMS will automatically create your CMS interface so you can modify what you need, without having to define all of your form fields from scratch.

Note that the SiteTree edit form does not use scaffolded fields.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\FieldList;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'IsActive' => 'Boolean',
        'Title' => 'Varchar',
        'Content' => 'Text',
    ];

    public function getCMSFields()
    {
        $this->beforeUpdateCMSFields(function (FieldList $fields) {
            $fields->dataFieldByName('IsActive')->setTitle('Is active?');
        });

        // parent::getCMSFields() does all the hard work and creates the fields for Title, IsActive and Content.
        return parent::getCMSFields();
    }
}

It is typically considered a good practice to wrap your modifications in a call to beforeUpdateCMSFields() - the updateCMSFields() extension hook is triggered by parent::getCMSFields(), so this is how you ensure any new fields are added before extensions update your fieldlist.

To define the form fields yourself without using scaffolding, use the mainTabOnly option in DataObject.scaffold_cms_fields_settings. See scaffolding options for details.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\CheckboxSetField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\FieldList;
use SilverStripe\Forms\TextField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\TextareaField;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    // ...

    private static array $scaffold_cms_fields_settings = [
        'mainTabOnly' => true,
    ];

    public function getCMSFields()
    {
        $this->beforeUpdateCMSFields(function (FieldList $fields) {
            $fields->addFieldsToTab('Root.Main', [
                CheckboxSetField::create('IsActive', 'Is active?'),
                TextField::create('Title'),
                TextareaField::create('Content')->setRows(5),
            ]);
        });

        return parent::getCMSFields();
    }
}

You can also alter the fields of built-in and module DataObject classes by implementing updateCMSFields() in your own Extension.

FormField scaffolding takes $field_labels config into account as well.

Scaffolding options

FormScaffolder has several options that modify the way it scaffolds form fields.

option	description
`tabbed`	Use tabs for the scaffolded fields. All database fields and `has_one` fields will be in a "Root.Main" tab. Fields representing `has_many` and `many_many` relations will either be in "Root.Main" or in "Root.`<relationname>`" tabs.
`mainTabOnly`	Only set up the "Root.Main" tab, but skip scaffolding actual form fields or relation tabs. If `tabbed` is false, the `FieldList` will be empty.
`restrictFields`	Allow list of field names. If populated, any database fields and fields representing `has_one` relations not in this array won't be scaffolded.
`ignoreFields`	Deny list of field names. If populated, database fields and fields representing `has_one` relations which are in this array won't be scaffolded.
`fieldClasses`	Optional mapping of field names to subclasses of `FormField`.
`includeRelations`	Whether to include `has_many` and `many_many` relations.
`restrictRelations`	Allow list of field names. If populated, form fields representing `has_many` and `many_many` relations not in this array won't be scaffolded.
`ignoreRelations`	Deny list of field names. If populated, form fields representing `has_many` and `many_many` relations which are in this array won't be scaffolded.

You can set these options for the scaffolding of the fields in your model's getCMSFields() field list by setting the DataObject.scaffold_cms_fields_settings configuration property.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\HiddenField;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    // ...

    private static array $scaffold_cms_fields_settings = [
        'includeRelations' => false,
        'ignoreFields' => [
            'MyDataOnlyField',
        ],
        'fieldClasses' => [
            'MyHiddenField' => HiddenField::class,
        ],
    ];
}

You can also set this configuration in extensions, for example if your extension is adding new database fields that you don't want to be edited via form fields in the CMS.

Scaffolding for relations

Form fields are also automatically scaffolded for has_one, has_many, and many_many relations. These have sensible default implementations, and you can also customise what form field will be used for any given DataObject model.

Polymorphic has_one relations do not have scaffolded form fields. Usually these are managed via a has_many relation which points at the has_one relation.

With the below example, the following form fields will be scaffolded:

relation	form field
`Child`	`MyCustomField`
`HasManyChildren`	`SearchableMultiDropdownField`
`ManyManyChildren`	`GridField`

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    // ...
    private static array $has_one = [
        'Child' => MyChild::class,
    ];

    private static array $has_many = [
        'HasManyChildren' => MyChild::class . '.Parent',
    ];

    private static array $many_many = [
        'ManyManyChildren' => MyChild::class,
    ];
}

namespace App\Model;

use App\Form\MyCustomField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\FormField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\GridField\GridFieldAddExistingAutocompleter;
use SilverStripe\Forms\SearchableMultiDropdownField;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyChild extends DataObject
{
    // ...
    public function scaffoldFormFieldForHasOne(
        string $fieldName,
        ?string $fieldTitle,
        string $relationName,
        DataObject $ownerRecord
    ): FormField {
        // Return a form field that should be used for selecting this model type for has_one relations.
        return MyCustomField::create($fieldName, $fieldTitle);
    }

    public function scaffoldFormFieldForHasMany(
        string $relationName,
        ?string $fieldTitle,
        DataObject $ownerRecord,
        bool &$includeInOwnTab
    ): FormField {
        // If this should be in its own tab, set $includeInOwnTab to true, otherwise set it to false.
        $includeInOwnTab = false;
        // Return a form field that should be used for selecting this model type for has_many relations.
        return SearchableMultiDropdownField::create($relationName, $fieldTitle, static::get());
    }

    public function scaffoldFormFieldForManyMany(
        string $relationName,
        ?string $fieldTitle,
        DataObject $ownerRecord,
        bool &$includeInOwnTab
    ): FormField {
        // The default implementation for this method returns a GridField, which we can modify.
        $gridField = parent::scaffoldFormFieldForManyMany($relationName, $fieldTitle, $ownerRecord, $includeInOwnTab);
        $gridField->getConfig()->removeComponentsByType(GridFieldAddExistingAutocompleter::class);
        return $gridField;
    }
}

Searchable fields

The $searchable_fields property uses a mixed array format that can be used to further customise your generated admin system. The default is a set of array values listing the fields.

$searchable_fields will default to use the $summary_fields config, excluding anything that isn't a database field (such as method calls) if not explicitly defined.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
      'Name',
      'ProductCode',
    ];
}

If you define a searchable_fields configuration, do not specify fields that are not stored in the database (such as methods), as this will cause an error.

General search field

Tabular views such as GridField or ModelAdmin include a search bar. The search bar will search across all of your searchable fields by default. It will return a match if the search terms appear in any of the searchable fields.

Exclude fields from the general search

If you have fields which you do not want to be searched with this general search (e.g. date fields which need special consideration), you can mark them as being explicitly excluded by setting general to false in the searchable fields configuration for that field:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'Name',
        'BirthDate' => [
            'general' => false,
        ],
    ];
}

Customise the general search field name

By default the general search field uses the name "q". If you already use that field name or search query in your SearchContext, you can change this to whatever name you prefer either globally or per class:

If you set general_search_field_name to any empty string, general search will be disabled entirely. Instead, the first field in your searchable fields configuration will be used.

Globally change the general search field name via YAML config

SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject:
  general_search_field_name: 'my_general_field_name'

Customise the general search field name via YAML or PHP config

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static string $general_search_field_name = 'my_general_field_name';
}

Specify a search filter for general search

By default, the general search will search across your fields using a PartialMatchFilter regardless of what filters you have specified for those fields.

You can configure this to be a specific filter class, or else disable the general search filter. Disabling the filter will result in the filters you have specified for each field being used when searching against that field in the general search.

Like the general search field name, you can set this either globally or per class.

Globally change the general search filter via YAML config

# use a specific filter
SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject:
  general_search_field_filter: 'SilverStripe\ORM\Filters\EndsWithFilter'

# or disable the filter to fall back on individual fields' filters
SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject:
  general_search_field_filter: ''

Customise the general search filter via YAML or PHP config

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;
use SilverStripe\ORM\Filters\EndsWithFilter;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static string $general_search_field_filter = EndsWithFilter::class;
}

You may get unexpected results using some filters if you don't disable splitting the query into terms - for example if you use an ExactMatchFilter, each term in the query must exactly match the value in at least one field to get a match. If you disable splitting terms, the whole query must exactly match a field value instead.

Splitting search queries into individual terms

By default the general search field will split your search query on spaces into individual terms, and search across your searchable field for each term. At least one field must match each term to get a match.

For example: with the search query "farm house" at least one field must have a match for the word "farm", and at least one field must have a match for the word "house". There does not need to be a field which matches the full phrase "farm house".

You can disable this behaviour by setting DataObject.general_search_split_terms to false. This would mean that for the example above a DataObject would need a field that matches "farm house" to be included in the results. Simply matching "farm" or "house" alone would not be sufficient.

Like the general search field name, you can set this either globally or per class.

Globally disable splitting terms via YAML config

SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject:
  general_search_split_terms: false

Disable splitting terms via YAML or PHP config

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static bool $general_search_split_terms = false;
}

Use a specific single field

If you disable the global general search functionality, the general seach field will revert to searching against the first field in your searchableFields list.

As an example, let's look at a definition like this:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'Name',
        'JobTitle',
    ];
}

That Name comes first in that list is actually quite a good thing. The user will likely want the single search input to target the Name field rather something with a more predictable value, like JobTitle.

By contrast, let's look at this definition:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'Price',
        'Description',
        'Title',
    ];
}

It's unlikely that the user will want to search on Price. A better candidate would be Title or Description. Rather than reorder the array, which may be counter-intuitive, you can use the general_search_field configuration property.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $general_search_field = 'Title';
}

Customise the field per `GridField`

You can customise the search field for a specific GridField by calling setSearchField() on its GridFieldFilterHeader component instance.

$myGrid->getConfig()->getComponentByType(GridFieldFilterHeader::class)->setSearchField('Title');

This is useful if you have disabled the global general search functionality, if you have customised the SearchContext, or if you (for whatever reason) want to use a single specific search field for this GridField.

Specify a form field or search filter

Searchable fields will appear in the search interface with a default form field (usually a TextField) and a default search filter assigned (usually a PartialMatchFilter). To override these defaults, you can specify additional information on $searchable_fields:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\NumericField;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'Name' => 'PartialMatchFilter',
        'ProductCode' => NumericField::class,
    ];
}

If you assign a single string value, you can set it to be either a FormField or SearchFilter. To specify both or to combine this with other configuration, you can assign an array:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\NumericField;
use SilverStripe\Forms\TextField;
use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $searchable_fields = [
       'Name' => [
          'field' => TextField::class,
          'filter' => 'PartialMatchFilter',
       ],
       'ProductCode' => [
           'title' => 'Product code #',
           'field' => NumericField::class,
           'filter' => 'PartialMatchFilter',
       ],
    ];
}

Searching on relations

To include relations ($has_one, $has_many and $many_many) in your search, you can use a dot-notation.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class Team extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Title' => 'Varchar',
    ];

    private static $many_many = [
        'Players' => 'Player',
    ];

    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'Title',
        'Players.Name',
    ];
}

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class Player extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Varchar',
        'Birthday' => 'Date',
    ];

    private static $belongs_many_many = [
        'Teams' => 'Team',
    ];
}

Searching many db fields on a single search field

Use a single search field that matches on multiple database fields with 'match_any'. This also supports specifying a FormField and a filter, though it is not necessary to do so.

If you don't specify a FormField, you must use the name of a real database field as the array key instead of a custom name so that a default field class can be determined.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\Forms\TextField;

class Order extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Varchar',
    ];

    private static $has_one = [
        'Customer' => Customer::class,
        'ShippingAddress' => Address::class,
    ];

    private static $searchable_fields = [
        'CustomName' => [
            'title' => 'First Name',
            'field' => TextField::class,
            'match_any' => [
                // Searching with the "First Name" field will show Orders matching either
                // Name, Customer.FirstName, or ShippingAddress.FirstName
                'Name',
                'Customer.FirstName',
                'ShippingAddress.FirstName',
            ],
        ],
    ];
}

Summary fields

Summary fields can be used to show a quick overview of the data for a specific DataObject record. The most common use is their display as table columns, e.g. in the search results of a ModelAdmin CMS interface.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Text',
        'OtherProperty' => 'Text',
        'ProductCode' => 'Int',
    ];

    private static $summary_fields = [
        'Name',
        'ProductCode',
    ];
}

Relations in summary fields

To include relations or field manipulations in your summaries, you can use a dot-notation.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class OtherObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Title' => 'Varchar',
    ];
}

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Text',
        'Description' => 'HTMLText',
    ];

    private static $has_one = [
        'OtherObject' => 'OtherObject',
    ];

    private static $summary_fields = [
        'Name' => 'Name',
        'Description.Summary' => 'Description (summary)',
        'OtherObject.Title' => 'Other Object Title',
    ];
}

Images in summary fields

Non-textual elements (such as images and their manipulations) can also be used in summaries.

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Text',
    ];

    private static $has_one = [
        'HeroImage' => 'Image',
    ];

    private static $summary_fields = [
        'Name' => 'Name',
        'HeroImage.CMSThumbnail' => 'Hero Image',
    ];
}

Field labels

In order to re-label any summary fields, you can use the $field_labels static. This will also affect the output of $object->fieldLabels() and $object->fieldLabel().

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    private static $db = [
        'Name' => 'Text',
    ];

    private static $has_one = [
        'HeroImage' => Image::class,
    ];

    private static $summary_fields = [
        'Name',
        'HeroImage.CMSThumbnail',
    ];

    private static $field_labels = [
        'Name' => 'Name',
        'HeroImage.CMSThumbnail' => 'Hero',
    ];
}

Localisation

For any fields not defined in $field_labels, labels can be localised by defining the name prefixed by the type of field (e.g db_, has_one_, etc) in your localisation YAML files:

The class name should be the class that defined the field or relationship.

# app/lang/en.yml
en:
  App\Model\MyDataObject:
    db_Name: "Name"
    has_one_HeroImage: "Hero Image"

For relations (such as has_one_HeroImage above), this field label applies to the scaffolded form field (an UploadField for files, a tab for has_many/many_many, etc). It does not apply to summary or searchable fields with dot notation.

Labels you define in $field_labels won't be overridden by localisation strings. To make those localisable, you will need to override the fieldLabels() method and explicitly localise those labels yourself:

namespace App\Model;

use SilverStripe\ORM\DataObject;

class MyDataObject extends DataObject
{
    // ...

    public function fieldLabels($includerelations = true)
    {
        $labels = parent::fieldLabels($includerelations);
        $customLabels = static::config()->get('field_labels');

        foreach ($customLabels as $name => $label) {
            $labels[$name] = _t(__CLASS__ . '.' . $name, $label);
        }

        return $labels;
    }
}

See the i18n section for more about localisation.

API documentation

Edit on Github

Scaffolding#

Form fields#

Scaffolding options#

Scaffolding for relations#

Searchable fields#

General search field#

Exclude fields from the general search#

Customise the general search field name#

Globally change the general search field name via YAML config#

Customise the general search field name via YAML or PHP config#

Specify a search filter for general search#

Globally change the general search filter via YAML config#

Customise the general search filter via YAML or PHP config#

Splitting search queries into individual terms#

Globally disable splitting terms via YAML config#

Disable splitting terms via YAML or PHP config#

Use a specific single field#

Customise the field per GridField#

Specify a form field or search filter#

Searching on relations#

Searching many db fields on a single search field#

Summary fields#

Relations in summary fields#

Images in summary fields#

Field labels#

Localisation#

Related documentation#

API documentation#